Date: 16.05.2018

Seed- and fruit-feeding insects in tropical rain forests: Faunal composition and rates of attack

The article in Journal of Biogeography represents the first intercontinental comparison of assemblages of seed- and fruit-feeding insects in tropical rainforests.

FIGURE. Plot of the average proportion of individuals of insect guilds reared per sample for each study site (BCI: Panama; KHC: Thailand; WAN: Papua New Guinea). Proportions of particular guilds across sites are all significantly different (Kruskal–Wallis tests, all with p < .05). Figures above bars indicate, for each site, the percentage of samples in which a taxon or guild was present. Note that because values are averaged across all samples, proportions are rather small

Insects feeding on seeds and fruits represent interesting study systems, potentially able to lower the fitness of their host plants. In addition to true seed eaters, a suite of insects feed on the fleshy parts of fruits. We examined the likelihood of community convergence in whole insect assemblages attacking seeds/fruits in three tropical rain forests: Barro Colorado Island (Panama), Khao Chong (Thailand) and Wanang (Papua New Guinea). We surveyed 1,186 plant species and reared 1.1 ton of seeds/fruits that yielded 80,600 insects representing at least 1,678 species. We assigned seeds/fruits to predation syndromes on the basis of plant traits relevant to insects, seed/fruit appearance and mesocarp thickness. We observed large differences in insect faunal composition, species richness and guild structure between our three study sites. We hypothesize that the high species richness of insect feeding on seeds/fruits in Panama may result from a conjunction of low plant species richness and high availability of dry fruits. Insect assemblages were weakly influenced by seed predation syndromes, both at the local and regional scale, and the effect of host phylogeny varied also among sites. At the driest site (Panama), the probability of seeds of a plant species being attacked depended more on seed availability than on the measured seed traits of that plant species. However, when seeds were attacked, plant traits shaping insect assemblages were difficult to identify and not related to seed availability. In sum, we observed only weak evidence of community convergence at the intercontinental scale among these assemblages. Our study suggests that seed eaters may be most commonly associated with dry fruits at relatively dry tropical sites where fleshy fruits may be less prevalent.

Basset, Y., Dahl, C., Ctvrtecka, R., Gripenberg, S., Lewis, O.T., Segar, S.T., Klimes, P., Barrios, H., Brown, J.W., Bunyavejchewin, S., Butcher, B.A., Cognato, A.I., Davies, S.J., Kaman, O., Knizek, M., Miller, S.E., Morse, G.E., Novotny, V., Pongpattananurak, N., Pramual, P., Quicke, D.L.J., Robbins, R.K., Sakchoowong, W., Schutze, M., Vesterinen, E.J., Wang, W.-z., Wang, Y.-y., Weiblen, G. & Wright, S.J. 2018. A cross-continental comparison of assemblages of seed- and fruit-feeding insects in tropical rainforests: faunal composition and rates of attack. Journal of Biogeography, 2018;00:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13211

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